'Habitus': The Body We Live From
I have wrestled with language for years. Whenever I speak about the body, people assume I am speaking in metaphor—as if flesh were only a symbol for something spiritual. But I am not using the body as illustration. I am speaking from within it. The body is the first place revelation happens, not an image of it.
This forgetting runs deep. Western faith and psychology both learned to separate spirit from matter, mind from flesh. Once the body became a “problem to manage,” incarnation was reduced to theory and the lived gospel lost its skin. The same fracture lives inside many trauma-formed people. We, too, try to solve our pain with thought alone—turning endlessly in the mind—because the body still holds what we have no words for. Cognitive understanding helps, but it cannot reach what the nervous system is still guarding. What is unspoken there must be met, not analysed.
Even the word I use here—habitus—isn’t easy. It sounds distant, almost academic, but I am not trying to be clever. I reach for it because ordinary language fails me. Meaning itself has been built on a world that mistrusts bodies. There are not yet shared words for how theology and psychology belong in skin. I borrow from anthropology and philosophy only because they hold a term spacious enough to begin again: a word that means to dwell, to live from.
When we lost the wisdom of embodiment, theology became abstraction and healing became explanation. Both forgot that the body itself is scripture: the first text of Presence. Since then, much of the church has been trying to practise a disembodied faith—preaching the Word made flesh while quietly avoiding flesh itself. The trauma survivor often does the same: living above the neck, trying to think their way to safety. But recovery, like incarnation, begins lower—where breath meets ground and love takes form again.
The word habitus comes from the Latin habitare—to dwell or inhabit. In anthropology—the study of how human beings live and make meaning through culture— it describes the patterns that live inside us: the way our bodies learn and repeat what we have survived. Philosopher Pierre Bourdieu called it “embodied history turned into nature”—the habits of posture, tone, and movement that carry our story long after memory fades. I use the word because no simpler one will hold what I need to say. Habitus names the way grace and trauma take root in the same soil. It is the body’s theology—the faith we practise without thinking. Our beliefs are not just ideas; they are gestures. How we reach for others, how we brace or soften, how we breathe when someone speaks the name of God—these are all forms of knowing. The body keeps its own liturgy. When trauma shapes us, habitus tightens: shoulders lift, jaws clench, breath hides high in the chest. When healing begins, the pattern loosens: eyes lift, exhale lengthens, the body allows rest. This is not metaphor. It is theology remembered in muscle and fascia, the gospel returning to flesh. What doctrine calls incarnation, the body simply calls living.
From here on I will return to more familiar words. I’ve used habitus only long enough to name what ordinary language forgot: that the body is really the body. Not metaphor. Not symbol. The place where theology breathes and healing begins. Having said that, we can set the term down for a while. The stage is built. What follows is simply the story of how bodies learn faith, lose it, and find it again through Presence.
Theological Frame — Incarnation as Method
When faith forgot the body, theology lost its anchor in reality. Over centuries, a quiet split appeared: spirit was praised as holy, flesh treated as suspect. The mind became the seat of faith; the body, a distraction. In trying to rise above matter, the church drifted away from incarnation itself—the truth that God met us through skin, breath, and nerve.
This separation mirrors what happens inside the trauma-formed. When the body became unsafe, we learned to live above the neck. We analysed, explained, performed calmness, but the deeper system of safety never believed us. The body was still waiting for touch, breath, and recognition. Religion and trauma share this same ache: both tried to survive by leaving the body behind.
Jesus reverses both stories. His life is God’s refusal to heal from a distance. He teaches by touch, restores through shared meals, washes feet, breathes peace, and lets others place their hands in His wounds. In Him, matter becomes mercy again. Every gesture—dust, spit, water, bread—declares that holiness is found in what we can feel. To live incarnationally is to let that pattern become our own. Faith is not escape from embodiment; it is re-entry. When we trust that God inhabits our humanity, the body stops being a battlefield and starts becoming an altar.
Psychological Frame — The Body as the First Site of Repair
Trauma begins in the body and must, in time, return there to be healed. When something overwhelms us beyond words, the body takes over. Muscles tighten, breath shortens, the heart races or drops. What psychology calls a defence response is really the body’s attempt at mercy—its way of keeping us alive when the mind can’t comprehend what is happening.
The cost of that mercy is fragmentation. The body continues to behave as if the danger is still present long after the event has passed. This is why survivors often understand what happened to them yet still feel unsafe. The intellect can’t instruct the nervous system; safety has to be felt before it can be believed.
Healing, therefore, is not primarily cognitive. We cannot think our way out of a body that is still waiting for rescue. Real change begins through experience: a slower breath, a grounded stance, the warmth of another person who stays. Each new sensory proof of safety rewrites the body’s memory. Over time, vigilance gives way to regulation, rigidity to movement, isolation to connection.
Modern trauma research helps us see what the body has always known.
Peter A. Levine, founder of Somatic Experiencing, describes how the body needs to complete what it began in the moment of threat (Waking the Tiger: Healing Trauma, North Atlantic Books, 1997). When a deer escapes a predator, it shakes to discharge frozen energy; when a human cannot, that unfinished action becomes chronic tension. Healing is not about retelling the story but allowing the body to finish what it once had to freeze.
Stephen W. Porges, through Polyvagal Theory (The Polyvagal Theory: Neurophysiological Foundations of Emotions, Attachment, Communication, and Self-Regulation, W. W. Norton & Company, 2011), maps how the nervous system reads safety or danger. Our breath, tone of voice, and facial expression send constant cues that either open us to relationship or shut us down. Safety is therefore created between bodies—through gentle voice, steady presence, and shared regulation.
Bessel A. van der Kolk reminds us that “the body keeps the score” (The Body Keeps the Score: Brain, Mind, and Body in the Healing of Trauma, Viking, 2014). Even when memory fades, the body remembers; it stores both terror and resilience. But those same cells can also hold new experiences of safety. When we move, breathe, sing, or are held, the body starts to keep a new score—one of connection instead of threat.
Each of these discoveries names what Scripture has been describing since Genesis: that life begins with breath, that healing happens through presence, and that relationship is the first medicine. When we allow safety to be embodied, not performed, the nervous system becomes a kind of liturgy—learning again the rhythm of belonging. What theology calls incarnation, the body calls integration. Both speak of the same grace: love returning to live in flesh.
Anthropological and Communal Embodiment — The Body Between Bodies
Anthropology—the study of how humans live, move, and make meaning—helps us see what theology has always implied: the body is never private. We learn how to be human through one another.
Pierre Bourdieu- a French sociologist, used the word habitus to describe this shared body-memory: the way posture, gesture, and tone become patterns of belonging inside a culture (Outline of a Theory of Practice, 1977). Thomas Csordas later called embodiment “the existential ground of culture and self” (Ethos, 1990). Both saw that what we believe is carried in muscle memory long before it appears in conscious thought. Faith, fear, and language are learned through imitation—how we are held, how we are spoken to, how we are allowed to move.
For the trauma-formed, these early bodily lessons often teach vigilance instead of trust. The group becomes a threat rather than a refuge. Healing, therefore, is not only individual; it is social and sensory. The body relearns safety by being among bodies that do not harm. Anthropology calls this enculturation; trauma theory calls it co-regulation; the church might call it communion.
African theology gives us another word: Ubuntu—“I am because we are.” It insists that personhood is relational, not solitary. Presence is learned between faces; peace is a shared nervous system before it is a shared creed. A community practising Ubuntu becomes a living nervous system of mercy, one body whose regulation can restore the rest.
This is why the work of Traumaneutics® cannot stay in theory. Incarnation is not an idea; it is an ecology. Bodies heal in company. A church that understands this becomes a body that bodies can belong to—where flesh is not shamed, where voice and breath are received, where the wound of isolation finally meets touch. Anthropology, trauma theory, and theology converge here: love is learned between bodies.
Integration — From Body to Mission
When theology, psychology, and anthropology meet, they lead us to the same place: the body as the field of mission. Theology tells us that God entered flesh; psychology shows that healing happens through felt safety; anthropology reminds us that no body exists alone. Together they form a single movement—incarnation as method, presence as practice, community as ecology. Mission, then, is not an abstract calling or a moral programme; it is the continual sending of embodied people into the ordinary spaces where life is lived.
To be sent is to bring our whole selves—the thinking mind, the feeling body, the history written in our bones—into relationship. Every act of co-regulation, every gesture of safety offered to another, becomes theology in motion. The body that once carried trauma becomes the place from which compassion is released. Healing itself becomes apostolic: the Spirit moving through skin and breath, carrying love into new ground.
This is why Traumaneutics® begins in the body. It is not a detour from theology or mission; it is their foundation. The same breath that animates Scripture still animates us. When we live from that breath, every encounter—every meal, touch, conversation—becomes liturgy. The Word continues to become flesh, and the field of mission widens wherever a body learns to dwell in love.
References
Anthropology and Philosophy
Bourdieu, P. (1977). Outline of a Theory of Practice. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
→ Introduced habitus as “embodied history turned into nature.”
Csordas, T. J. (1990). “Embodiment as a Paradigm for Anthropology.” Ethos, 18(1), 5–47.
→ Proposed embodiment as the “existential ground of culture and self.”
Trauma and Somatic Theory
Levine, P. A. (1997). Waking the Tiger: Healing Trauma. Berkeley, CA: North Atlantic Books.
→ Describes somatic completion and the body’s innate drive to finish defensive actions.
Porges, S. W. (2011). The Polyvagal Theory: Neurophysiological Foundations of Emotions, Attachment, Communication, and Self-Regulation. New York: W. W. Norton & Company.
→ Explains how the vagus nerve governs physiological states of safety and threat.
van der Kolk, B. A. (2014). The Body Keeps the Score: Brain, Mind, and Body in the Healing of Trauma. New York: Viking.
→ Explores how traumatic experiences are stored and healed through bodily awareness.
Theology and Embodiment
Holy Bible, Genesis 2 : 7; John 20 : 22; John 21 : 9–14.
→ Foundational texts on dust, breath, and embodied resurrection.
Philippians 2 : 5–11.
→ The kenosis hymn, framing descent and incarnation.
Communal and Relational Theology
Mbiti, J. S. (1969). African Religions and Philosophy. London: Heinemann.
→ Early articulation of the Ubuntu principle, “I am because we are.”
Tutu, D. (1999). No Future Without Forgiveness. New York: Doubleday.
→ Applies Ubuntu to forgiveness and communal restoration.
Trauma-Informed Practice and Psychology
Herman, J. L. (1992). Trauma and Recovery: The Aftermath of Violence—from Domestic Abuse to Political Terror. New York: Basic Books.
→ Foundational work connecting trauma, memory, and relational repair.
Siegel, D. J. (2012). The Developing Mind: How Relationships and the Brain Interact to Shape Who We Are. 2nd ed. New York: Guilford Press.
→ Integrates neuroscience and attachment theory, underscoring co-regulation.
Return to the Beginning